Sandboxes 沙盒
CVS has a unique method of working from most other version control systems in that developers can edit the same files concurrently. First you Checkout a version of the source code from the repository into a local copy on your computer. This local copy is called a sandbox.

CVS与其他大多数版本控制系统与众不同的地方在于它允许开发者同时编辑同一个文件，首先你应该从仓库取出一份源码拷贝到你的本地计算机www.yippeesoft.com，这份本地拷贝称之为沙盒。

You then simply edit the files that you want to change. You can Add new files or remove files you no longer require. When you\’re done you Commit the changes to the repository.

然后你仅仅修改你想要修改的部分，你可以添加新文件或者移除一些你已经不再需要的文件，当你整理完后你应该提交你的这些修改到CVS仓库中去。

If someone else has changed the same file while you were working on it, then the commit will fail. You must then Update all your source code files from the repository. This will automatically merge the other developers changes into your copy of the file.

当你编辑修改一份文件的时候，如果有人已经对这份文件做了修改，那么你的提交将会失败，你必须重新从CVS仓库中更新所有你的源代码，CVS将自动合并其他用户的修改到你的本地拷贝文件中。www.yippeesoft.com

Sometimes CVS cannot do this automatically, for example if you both changed the same line of code. This is called a Conflict. Conflicts happen much less often than you might expect. CVS puts both versions of the conflicting code in the file, with markings separating them. Then you manually edit the file to resolve the conflict before you can commit the changes.

有时候CVS将无法自动完成这个操作，例如，如果你们修改的是同一行代码，我们称之为冲突，你大可不必过于担忧，冲突出现的次数将大大少于你的预期，CVS将把版本的冲突代码合并在一起，通过标志进行分隔，你应该手工编辑文件，解决冲突的地方，然后再提交这些修改。www.yippeesoft.com

This method of working has lots of advantages. Each developer lives in a sandbox. Changes that another developer makes are isolated from you until you want to check in your changes. It stops bottlenecks where people cannot do things because someone else has the file checked out. Any developer can work on files without direct access to the server, they only need to connect to update or commit.

这种工作方式有很大的优越性，每个开发员都工作于一个沙盒之中。其他开发员所作的修改与你无关，除非你提交你的修改的时候，这样我们就突破了一个瓶颈：如果有人将一个文件取出了，其他人将无法对这个文件作任何操作。每一个开发员不需要连接到服务器上直接存取文件，他们只需要在更新和提交的时候再连接服务器。

VSS这点就很讨厌，一个人CHECK OUT，文件就被锁定了，如果他只是更新而没有CHECK IN的话，那么这个文件别人永远动不了，还得一个一个找过去看是谁没有签入。

What is TortoiseCVS?

TortoiseCVS简介 Tortoise 的意思是 乌龟 ：）www.yippeesoft.com

TortoiseCVS is a front-end client to make using CVS easier and more intuitive. It allows developers to work with files controlled by CVS directly from Windows Explorer?.

TCVS是一个彻头彻尾的CVS客户端程序，它让CVS使用变得非常简易和直观。它允许开发者直接通过WINDOWS的资源管理器使用CVS对文件进行版本控制。www.yippeesoft.com

One of the major drawbacks of CVS is the command-line interface that is provided. Many developers today are becoming more accustomed to the graphical integrated development environments (IDEs). TortoiseCVS aims to provide that "point-and-click" environment in a clever and intuitive way.

CVS使用上一个主要的障碍就是它提供的是命令行接口。如今的许多开发者越来越习惯图形开发环境，TCVS就能够提供一个提供灵巧直观的 点击 环境。www.yippeesoft.com

Note that TortoiseCVS is a CVS client, not a server. This document assumes that you either know how to set up your own server, or that you are using a server that somebody else set up. If you want to learn about setting up a CVS server, see Chapter 8, Resources.

请注意：TCVS是一个CVS客户端，不是一个服务器端，本文档假设您满足如下两个条件之一：您知道如果架设自己的服务器端；或者已经有人架设了服务器端，而您正在使用。请见 第八章：资源。www.yippeesoft.com

Where to Begin? 从何开始
The best way to learn how to use TortoiseCVS is to play with it. Start by installing ortoiseCVS. 学习如何使用TCVS的最好方法就是开始使用它，首先安装TCVS

If you are new to CVS start following along with Basic Usage of TortoiseCVS. 如果你刚刚开始学习CVS，那么请从TCVS基本用法开始www.yippeesoft.com

Once you\’ve learned the ropes check out the advanced features in Advanced Usage of TortoiseCVS. 如果您已经学完了基本的，那么请从 TCVS高级指南 处学习高级技巧。

For pure reference, the chapters Command Reference for TortoiseCVS and Dialog Reference for TortoiseCVS will help you get the most out of TortoiseCVS. 纯粹作为参考，您可以从 TCVS命令行列表和对话框列表 获得更多信息www.yippeesoft.com

And finally checkout Articles, Tips and Tricks for a complete and enjoyable version control experience. 最后，您可以看看 条款、技巧、窍门，作为结束，祝您有一个愉快的版本控制体验。

What is CVS? CVS简介

CVS, or the Concurrent Versioning System, is a version control system. Version control systems are generally used as part of the software development cycle to track and co-ordinate source code changes among a team of developers.

CVS，并发版本系统，是一个版本控制系统，它通常作为软件开发周期的一部分，用来跟踪和定位开发团队的源代码修改历程。www.yippeesoft.com

For example, bugs sometimes creep in when software is modified, and you might not detect the bug until a long time after you make the modification. With CVS, you can easily retrieve old versions to see exactly which change caused the bug. This can sometimes be a big help.

例如，当修改软件的时候，经常会有BUG偷偷地混入近来，经常在你修改完毕很久以后才发现这个BUG的存在，如果使用CVS，你就可以很容易的找回旧版本，并且准确的定位谁的修改导致这个BUG。这样的话是一个很好的帮助。www.yippeesoft.com

You could of course save every version of every file you have ever created. This would however waste an enormous amount of disk space. CVS stores all the versions of a file in a single file in a clever way that only stores the differences between versions.

当然，你也可以把你每次创建的每一个文件的每一个版本都保存起来，但是显而易见，这将浪费很大的硬盘空间。CVS保存一个文件的所有版本的时候，它仅仅只要一个文件，它每次只是保存文件版本之间的差异。

CVS also helps you if you are part of a group of people working on the same project. It is all too easy to overwrite each others\’ changes unless you are extremely careful. Some editors, like GNU Emacs, try to make sure that the same file is never modified by two people at the same time. Unfortunately, if someone is using another editor, that safeguard will not work. CVS solves this problem by insulating the different developers from each other. Every developer works in his own sandbox, and CVS merges the work when each developer is done.

作为开发同一个项目的项目团队的一员，CVS可以帮助你，在团队开发中，除非你是一个非常仔细，否则覆盖别人的修改是一个非常简单的事情。许多编辑器，例如GNU EMACS，它的解决方法是当一个文件在同一时间被两个人打开的时候提示需要确认。但是不幸的是，如果有人使用的是另外一种编辑器，这个安全机制将毫无作用。CVS解决了这个问题，它使每个开发者之间彼此绝缘互不干扰，每个开发者都工作于他自己的沙盒，当他们工作完成之后，CVS再合并他们的工作。www.yippeesoft.com

沙盒：是Wiki系统里专门用于练习编辑页面技术的试验页面。意思类似于古代人以沙为纸，以苇为笔，当写完一遍后，将沙摩平，又可以重新再写。 www.yippeesoft.com

今天报纸上说 中文 呱呱坠地 一般人都是 拼音为 GUA1 GUA1 ZHUI4 DI4，实际上应该是 GU1 GU1。

呱 gū  〈名〉
婴儿的啼哭声 [the cry of a baby]
诞置之寒冰,鸟覆翼之。鸟乃去矣,后稷呱矣。——《诗·大雅·生民》。诞,语助词,表示赞美的语气
又如:呱呱坠地(形容婴儿出生);呱啼;呱泣(婴儿啼哭)